Paraphrases

Here are the sentences from the homework exercises:

A. Vaccines are safe for almost everyone although very rarely there are people who experience adverse reactions.

• In spite of the infrequent side effects faced by a few people, immunizations are well tolerated by the majority.
• Even though immunizations can be tolerated by most people, in some cases, people can suffer side effects.
• Immunization is tolerated by many people.  However, in rare cases, some side effects can occur for some people.
• Most people can safely receive vaccinations, but some occasionally have side effects.
• The majority of people seldom suffer from side effects which makes immunization well tolerated by almost everyone.
• Immunization does not cause problems for most/many people, but in a few cases, it may have bad results.

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B. Some mild side effects are experienced by most people after they are immunized.

• Vaccination sometimes causes few negative responses in the majority of people.
• The majority of people face few side effects after vaccination.
• After vaccination, the majority of people have mild side effects.
• Almost everyone suffers few adverse reactions after vaccinations.
• After immunization, many people have little reaction.

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1.  When most people in a community have received a vaccine for a particular disease, the chance of an outbreak of that disease is greatly reduced. (p. 125)

• The probability of the propagation of a sickness decreases when almost all the people in a group get immunized for that sickness.
• The possibility of reducing the spread of an illness is lower when a social group has been immunized for the specific illness. 
• Within communities that have received immunization for a particular disease, the likelihood of the propagation of that disease is very low. 
• The results of receiving immunizations are a decrease in the risk of having illnesses.
• The chances of the spread of an illness in a society is significantly decreased by immunization of the majority of people for this illness.
• Immunizing the majority of people in the community from certain illnesses would considerably decrease the possibility of the spread of that illness.

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2. In considering the safety of vaccines, it is important to look at both risks and benefits. (p. 126)

• It is essential to be aware of the pros and cons when thinking about immunization safety.
• The safety of vaccines is measured by its pros and cons.
• Knowing both the advantages and disadvantages of vaccines is very important for safety.
• We have to consider the adverse reactions as well as the benefits when evaluating the safety of immunizations.
• When assessing the value of immunization, we should check its advantages and disadvantages.

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3. Experience from other countries shows that diseases quickly return when fewer people are immunized. (p. 127)

• Foreign research has demonstrated that there will be a rebound of sicknesses if there is only a small number of the population who get the vaccines. 
• Previous knowledge from other nations has demonstrated that illnesses can come back very fast when the majority of the population are not inoculated.
• When vaccination is not generalized to the majority of the population, contagious diseases return quickly according to reports from other countries.
• According to other countries experiences, illnesses easily return if few people only have the immunization.
• According to other countries, when less people are vaccinated, the illness reappears faster.
• It has been found in other places that epidemic illnesses can return if not many people take the vaccine. 

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4. Better living conditions have been important in controlling some kinds of infectious diseases, such as: diseases spread by dirty water. (p. 129)

• Dirty water is one channel of transporting infectious sickness.  So, to avoid this, we should adopt hygienic lifestyles.
• A good environment is a key factor in regulating some types of contagious diseases, like an outbreak in unclean water. 
• The improvement of life conditions results in better control of infectious diseases, especially those spread by dirty water.
• Some types of infectious illnesses, for instance: illnesses spread by dirty water, can be controlled by improving living conditions.
• Improving the standard of living helps in preventing the spread of infectious diseases, for example those that are transmitted by unclean water.
• Healthy hygiene at home can reduce epidemic illnesses, for example by protecting drinking water from contamination.

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5. Immunization is not compulsory or 'forced' in Canada, but we do have regulations that help ensure that as many people as possible are protected by vaccines from the diseases they prevent. (p. 130)

• The Canadian government does not make vaccination mandatory; however, it has taken some measures to protect almost all the people who work in the health care field.
• Canada has rules that protect people from illnesses by inoculations even though they are not mandatory. 
• Although vaccination is not compulsory in Canada, there are regulations that aim to provide satisfactory levels of protection to the public.
• In spite of vaccination not being obligatory in Canada, there are regulations to ensure that most people are protected by immunizations.
• Although vaccination is not forced in Canada, there are rules that guarantee that most people are vaccinated to be protected from the illnesses these vaccinations stop.
• Although not everybody is required by law to be immunized, government directives and instructions make more people immunize and avoid illnesses.